Analysis of Newspaper Research Report Results - 736 Words

This paper is going to present discuss from a statistic point a view a health related newspaper article in which a research study is mentioned and summarized. I will also look into how the conclusions are presented, and if the general approach was correct and suitable as far as statistics is involved. The article is named: â€Å"Pills protect against ovarian cancer: Study†, it was written by Helen Branswell, and was published by Toronto Star on January 24th, 2008 in its Living/Health section. (See references for the link) The original study was published in a medical journal, The Lancet, by Dr. Valerie Beral of Cancer Research UK epidemiology unit at Oxford University. The study is in reality a meta-study as â€Å"is actually a pooling of data†¦show more content†¦Building on the results found until then, the article mentions that considering that the numbers of women using oral contraceptives have raised in the past decades, an estimated number of 30,000 deaths due to ovarian cancer has been prevented. This number was probably determined as follows: 1. Determine the fatality rate without any pills being taken 2. Estimate the reduced fatality rate for women taking the pills 3. Estimate (extrapolate current trends) the percentage/number of women that will take oral contraceptives 4. Calculate the number of deaths for women taking the pills 5. Subtract 4 from 1. The suggested reduced risk is 30%: â€Å"there is nothing much you can do for 10 years that reduces your risk for the rest of your life by 30%†. The newspaper article struggles to reach a strong conclusion. The study concludes that women who take oral contraceptives lower their risk of developing ovarian cancer and the editorial in the original journal where the article was published calls for wider over-the-counter access to oral contraceptives. The newspaper article author mentions other point of view, in addition to the ones of the study. Other Canadian experts are not so sure, and call for further studies to analyze all the risks and benefits. A good opportunity for these studies might be in Britain, which is in the process ofShow MoreRelatedInformation Gathering for Business Analysis1121 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s annual reports, newspaper, internet etc to make my analysis more comprehensive I used the following secondary sources to gather my information which enabled me to get the broad view of Lucky Cement’s Business and it helped me to make a better analysis of Lucky Cement’s Performance. Annual Reports and Books Lucky Cement’s annual reports for years 2008-2010 provided me with a bulk of information which I easily got them from Karachi Stock Exchange a company’s annual reports are undoubtedlyRead MoreCommunication Theories And Its Impact On The Data1731 Words   |  7 Pagespresented. The fourth section is where the study results have been presented with a clear overview of the hypotheses that have been integrated in the study. Discussion of the results is another significant section of the paper that will provide a deeper interpretation of the collected and analyzed data. In this case, relevant communication theories, some of which had been addressed in the literature review, will be integrated and related to the results collected. The final section of the paper willRead MoreThe Russian Ukrainian Conflict During Media Discourse1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe image of the country on the international stage as well as public mood and atmosphere in the country. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has been a matter of debate between many countries including but not limited to Russia and Ukraine. The research area of the current study is the current Russian-Ukrainian conflict in media discourse. The present study seeks to determine whether this conflict as well as i ts key actors are viewed and discussed differently in Russian, Ukrainian and European mediaRead MoreThe Case Of Mason Jet Lee Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe public has weighed in and the Department of Child Safety has been interrogated. This report is investigates on a compilation of news stories collected in the last 4 weeks from various sources in relation to this matter. There will be a discussion on the methodology utilised in the selection of the articles on this report followed by a critical analysis of the journalism practices involved . Finally, the report will analyse the data selected based on jJournalism practice principles. Mason is aRead MoreThe Role For Public Gatherings1300 Words   |  6 PagesInterestingly, the newspapers have demonstrated the substitute role for public gatherings in certain communities by addressing their shared issues of concern. So they become the first variable (Dylko, 2010). Secondly, another media use variable is exposure to the political news on TV. As a result, this news informs people about various current political situations and activities. However, lastly, the political talk shows having a unique format of discussions on a single issue with politicians andRead MoreAnalysis of Newspaper Research Report828 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Newspaper Research Report Cynthia Cohen University of Phoenix BSN0524 Ââ€" HCS438 Rebecca Cowens-Alvarado, MPH March 25, 2007 Analysis of Newspaper Research Report This paper will discuss an article published in Time.com (2007, March) by Lindsey Tanner, explaining a recent research study which found that the Atkins diet beat three other diets for weight loss over a one year period. The actual research study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) on MarchRead MoreRelatable Secondary Data1304 Words   |  6 Pagespreviously collected for a purpose other than the current research project. ‘Secondary data are best remembered as ‘second-hand’, because such data are ‘old’ primary data. Good researchers start with secondary data before designing primary research studies’ (Bradley, 2014, p.70). The three main types of secondary data are Documentary, Survey based and Multi-source secondary data. An example of Documentary secondary data would be a written report such as an email. Survey based secondary data is usuallyRead MoreThe Role Of Media Attitudes And Perceptions Of Muslims And Isl am1013 Words   |  5 Pagesof Islamophobia affecting many individuals throughout many different countries. Literature Review: Trevino, Kanso, Nelson (2010) examined three major newspapers, the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post, for content analysis to establish if Muslims were portrayed negatively in print media post 9/11. They found that newspaper portrayals of Muslims prior to September 11, 2001, in fact, did differ from the portrayals post September 11, 2001. Most references to Muslims, in both casesRead MorePreparing to Conduct Business Research Res/351 Essays1489 Words   |  6 Pagesaccounts are a hindrance to the Bank’s ability to maximize return on investments. As a result the bank is considering implementing a surcharge on checking accounts. However, the bank must determine if this will affect the attitudes and behaviors of customers. To achieve this, Bank of America must conduct business research. The Research Question When managers use business research a systematic inquiry to aid in the decision-making process. Because Bank of AmericaRead MoreData Analysis For The South Bronx836 Words   |  4 Pages Data Analysis The collected data will be analyzed using thematic data analysis. The data analysis process will be to organize, code, categorize, and interpret. Each interview transcript, observation field note, and police or school record will be uploaded into Atlas.ti in order to store and manage the data, and later will be used to code and categorize. Organizing and memoing the data are significant steps because they encompass reading through, sorting, familiarizing with the material, making

Conformity in Arthur Miller´s The Crucible - 675 Words

Irving Wallace, an American author and screenwriter, once stated: â€Å"To be one’s self, and unafraid whether right or wrong, is more admirable than the easy cowardice of surrender to conformity.† Wallace admired those who were not afraid to be the â€Å"lone wolf† and stick to their own individual ideas and character, no matter the consequences. People often view submission as the one and only route; they see a majority of the population following one another and figure it is the best option. Unfortunately, conformity does have its consequences. In The Crucible, Miller reveals that the overwhelming pressures to conform causes one’s rationality to be diminished, resulting in the destruction of their morals and ultimately a society through his use of situational and dramatic irony. Miller uses Tituba and Reverend Hale to exemplify how burdens from society urge one to make erroneous decisions through his use of situational irony throughout the play. For exa mple, in the beginning, Reverend Hale has a strong view that witchcraft should not be looked upon as the first thing that ails a child, yet he accuses Tituba of inflicting Betty when he says, â€Å"you most certainly do (have power over Betty), and you will free her from it now! When did you compact with the devil?† (Miller I. 40). Though Hale has a strong belief in the beginning, the constant strain from those around him lead to him losing sight of what is truly righteous; he eventually gives into the pressures, all in allShow MoreRelatedAnalysing the Historical Content of the Crucible1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I intend to analyse the historical content of The Crucible and its relevance in today s society. I believe that Arthur Miller s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism1356 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I intend to analyse the historical context of The Crucible and its relevance in today’s society. I believe that Arthur Miller’s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreHow Does Arthur Miller s The Crucible Explore The Place Of The Individual930 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explore the place of the individual in society? Similar to Tocqueville before him, John Stuart Mill was critical about the American democracy and its resulting social pressures on the individual. The consequences of the tyranny of conformity sat at the forefront of his mind. Frank Prochaska in his review of Mill described the term as ‘a society in which scarcely any person had the courage to dissent.’ Arthur Miller draws on this idea in The Crucible by exploringRead MoreIndividuality in the Crucible1063 Words   |  5 PagesIndividuality versus Conformity in Miller s The Crucible The theocratic town of Salem, in the late 1600s, not only advocated conformity but stifled individuality. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller, illustrates the conflict between conformity and individuality. Salem, a town dependent on the unity and participation, understandably teaches people from a young age to recognize the needs of the community as greater than the needs of an individual. As any unit needs something to hold it all togetherRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crucible Author s Purpose In the town of Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a mass of hysteria broke out. It all started in the spring of 1692, when a group of adolescent girls claimed the works of black magic within the village. This ultimately led to a â€Å"series of investigations and prosecutions that caused 19 convicted ‘witches’ to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned† (Salem witch trials 1). Sparked by interest over such a series of tragic event, Arthur Miller produced anRead MoreThe Effectiveness of the Closing Scene of Arthur Millers The Crucible973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effectiveness of the Closing Scene of Arthur Millers The Crucible Arthur Miller was born in 1915 and was only fourteen years of age at the time of the Wall Street crash, this clearly affected his life. His plays often concentrated upon contemporary society and problems it may face. This is why at first sight The Crucible seems to break this mould, instead of a play showing contemporary society; it concerns a study in the mass hysteria which led to the 1692 Salem witchcraft Read MoreThe Crucible Is Still Relevant Today1971 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Crucible,† a play by Arthur Miller later turned into a major Hollywood movie, explores the politics of fear, social norms, and the fight to recapture a man’s moral compass. Miller paints his story using the small tight knit community of Salem circa 1692 as his canvass, brilliantly weaving historical fact and fiction to portray a scenario not unlike events seen since. The infamous witch hunts of 1692 and wild accusations of a subversive culture that threatened to tear away at the fabric ofRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible Conformity Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesConformity is a belief that has conflicted people since the beginning of time. Conformity is the inner feeling that will make you second guess everything you do: should I go to my friends party or should I resist temptation and stay home and study, should I change my beliefs or stand alone in the crowd. Conformity is all around you and it is up to you to make the right choices. In Arthur Miller’s 1953 drama, The Crucible, Miller uses conformity by forcing the people of Salem to choose between beingRead MoreIn Today’S Society Women May Have Their Full Rights, But902 Words   |  4 Pagestechniques. In the Crucible women had a routine role. They were forced to go to church, cook, and clean for the house and family. Women also experienced beatings from the man in the house. The difference in women in the 1950s and the women in the crucible, is that many of the roles stay the same. Not much has really changed for the role of women. Only certain circumstances women had to face were the challenging part of being the woman. â€Å"The 1950’s is often viewed as a period of conformity, when both men

Chemical and biological weapons Essay Example For Students

Chemical and biological weapons Essay Will the human race still be in existence in fifty more years? Although likely, there is a very real possibility that we will not be here. For example, after the Gulf War, we found Saddam Hussein stockpiling Weapons of Mass Destruction. Did you know that he had enough weapons to kill every single human, dog, and cow on the face of the earth? When I found that out, I thought it was very interesting, so I decided to do a report on it. If you keep reading, youll find out what Ive found out. Who funds the making of chemical or biological weapons? The answer is many people. However the government is the main source of money. For example, they make labs built to find defenses against new chemical or biological weapons. The catch is that in order to find new defenses, they must first build new weapons. That brings us to terrorists. Government officials make the information on how to make these weapons of mass destruction too accessible to terrorists, which eventually results in successful terrorists attacks that injure or harm many people. An example of this was in the spring of 1995 when a Japanese mafia gang set off sarin gas and killed 12 people in a subway, while injuring over fifty. Now, you might be asking yourself, whats the difference between chemical and biological warfare? Some major differences are when each has been used in history and / or what makes up a chemical or biological weapon. First, theres the obvious difference of what makes up a chemical or biological weapon. Chemical weapons use chemical agents while biological weapons use bacteria from the earth and weaponizes the bacteria. While biological weapons have never been used for a modern war, they were once a very common weapon. You see, biological weapons were used for centuries in such ways as throwing dead bodies into their enemies water supply to sabotage it. Chemical weapons were never used in ancient times, as they didnt have the technology. They have however found much use in our modern world. In fact, during World War I, chemical weapons found more use than ever before. The main weapon was mustard gas, it was responsible for two percent of the total deaths during that period. The next time chemical warfare was used on a large scale was during the Vietnam War. The main thing used was called Agent Orange which was used to kill off important plants, food, or livestock. If youre wondering, how the heck can chemicals or bacteria change my body you would be surprised at the things they can do. For example they can cripple you (permanently or temporarily). They can paralyze you (permanently or temporarily). They can even disfigure you or turn your skin inside out. Another thing they can do, is they can immobilize one part of your body but not another; they can do this to the extent of paralyzing your index finger and your ring finger on one hand, but not harm anything else. The delivery method for chemical or biological weapons can be artillery shells, bombs, sprays, darts, or pretty much anything that can explode, pierce the skin, or infect in some way. If in a bomb or shell, the chemicals or bacteria usually spread out after impact. On a dart, all you do is cover the tip and pierce someone else skin and they are infected. There are many different kinds of chemical and biological weapons in existence today. Here are some of the kinds of biological weapons being used today in modern science. One disease is anthrax. Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It has two types; cutanous which means in the skin, and inhalation which means inhaled into the lungs. Inhalation is the deadlier type of anthrax exposure. The incubation period for cutanous anthrax ranges from one to seven days which is not much different from inhalation anthrax whose incubation period ranges from one to six days. The mortality rate for cutanous anthrax without treatment is ten to twenty percent. After treatment, it drops to less than one percent. The mortality rate for inhalation anthrax without treatment is ninety to one hundred percent and is usually not diagnosed in time for treatment. Another biological weapon is Botulinum Toxins. Botulism is caused by intoxication with any of the seven distinct neurotoxins produced by the bacillus, Clostridium botulinum. In pure form, the toxin is a white crystalline substance which is readily dissolvable in water but decays rapidly in the open air. The incubation period for inhalation botulinum ranges from one day to several days after exposure. Reported cases of botulism prior to 1950 had a mortality rate of sixty percent. With tracheotomy and ventilator assistance, fatalities should be five percent. Initial signs and symptoms of botulinum include ptosis, generalized weakness and dizziness. Diminished salivation with extreme dryness of the mouth and throat may cause complaints of a sore throat. Urinary retention may also occur. Motor symptoms usually are present early in the disease; cranial nerves are affected first with blurred vision, diplopia, ptosis, and photophobia. Development of respiratory failure may be abrupt. Mucous membranes of the mouth may be dry and crusted. Deep tendon reflexes vary from intact to absent. Brucellosis is next. Brucellosis is a systemic zoonotic disease caused by one of four species of bacteria: Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, and B. canis. Fatality rates tend to decrease for humans somewhat the farther down in the order you go. Brucella canis is primarily a pathogen of dogs, and only occasionally causes disease in humans. Humans are infected when they inhale contaminated aerosols, ingest raw (unpasteurized) infected milk or meat, or have abraded skin or conjunctive surfaces that come in contact with the bacteria. Brucellosis incubation period normally ranges from one to four weeks but can vary from one week to several months. Now, we have cholera. Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholera, a short, curved, gram-negative bacillus. Humans acquire the disease by consuming water or food contaminated with the organism. The organism multiplies in the small intestine and secretes an enterotoxin that causes a secretory diarrhea. If used in a biological attack, it would most likely be used to contaminate water. Without treatment, death may result from severe dehydration or shock. Symptoms do not include fever or abominable pain.Clostridium Perfringens Toxins is next. Clostridium perfringens is a common anaerobic bacterium associated with three distinct disease syndromes; gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis; enteritis necroticans (pig-bel); and clostridium food poisoning. It is difficult to imagine a general scenario in which the spores or vegetative organisms could be used as a biological warfare agent. There are, however, at least 12 protein toxins and one or more of these could be produced or concentrated and used as a weapon. Waterborne disease is conceivable, but unlikely. Gas gangrene is a well-recognized, life-threatening emergency. Symptoms of the disease may be subtle before fulminate toxemia develops, and the diagnosis is often made at postmortem examination. Within hours signs of systemic toxicity appear, including confusion, tachycardia, and sweating. Most Clostridia species produce large amounts of CO2 and hydrogen that cause intense swelling, hence the term gas gangrene, resulting in gas in the soft tissues and the emission of foul-smelling gas from the wound. Clinical features include necrosis, dark red serous fluid, and numerous gas filled vesicles.No specific treatment is available for C. pefringens intoxication. Early antibiotic treatment is effective, if undertaken before significant amounts of toxins have accumulated in the body. If not treated the bacteria enter the bloodstream causing fatal systemic illness. There is no available prophylaxi s against most C. perfringens toxins. Toxoids are being used to prevent enteritis necroticans in humans, and veterinary toxoids are in wide use. Melioidosis is what I will be talking about next. It is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacillus. Melioidosis is most commonly found in southeast Asia but has been found in many different countries around the world. If someone were to employ this as a biological weapon, it would most likely be through an aerosol route. Infection by inoculation results in a subcutaneous nodule with acute lymphangitis and regional lymphadenitis, generally with fever. After melioidosis is breathed in or has been dispersed through the blood stream, pneumonia may occur. The intensity may vary from very mild to explosive, usually involves the upper lobes, and often results in cavitation.Antibiotic regimens that have been used successfully include tetracycline, 2-3 grams per day; chloramphenicol, 3 grams per day; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 4 and 20 milligrams / kilograms per day. Ceftazidine and piperacillin have had moderate success in severely ill patients as well. In patients who are toxic, a combination of two antibiotics (ceftazidine and piperacillin), given is advised. Next, we have, the plague. The plague is a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Under natural conditions, humans become infected as a result of contact with rodents and their fleas. Under natural conditions, three syndromes are recogniz ed: bubonic, primary septicemia, or pneumonic. In a biological warfare scenario, the plague bacillus could be delivered via contaminated vectors (fleas) causing the bubonic type, or via aerosol causing the pneumonic type. The bubonic plagues incubation period ranges, on average, from two to ten days. The onset of the bubonic plague is acute and often explosive with malaise, high fever, and at least one tender lymph node. Bubonic plague may progress spontaneously to the septicemia form with organisms spread to the CNS (central nervous system), lungs (producing pneumonic disease), and elsewhere. In untreated patients, the mortality rate averages fifty percent with the fatal event being circulatory collapse, hemorrhage, and peripheral thrombosis. Margaret Hilda Thatcher EssayNext on our list of biological weapons is Ricin. Ricin is a glycoprotein toxin from the seed of the castor plant. It blocks protein synthesis by altering the rRNA, thus killing the cell. Ricins significance as a potential biological warfare agent relates to its availability world wide, its ease of production, and extreme pulmonary toxicity when inhaled. Next is RVF; Rift Valley Fever. RVF is a viral disease caused by RVF virus. The virus circulates in sub-Saharan Africa as a mosquito-borne agent. Epizootics occur when susceptible domestic animals are infected, and because of the large amount of virus in their serum, amplify infection to biting arthropods. The incubation period averages two to five days and is usually followed by an incapacitating febrile illness of similar duration. The typical symptoms are fever, conjunctival injection, and sometimes abdominal tenderness. A few petechiae (a minute reddish or purplish spot containing blood that appears in skin or mucous membrane especially in some infectious diseases) or a bloody nose may occur. A small proportion of cases (approximately one percent) will progress to a viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome; mortality in this group is roughly fifty percent.Saxitoxin is next. Saxitoxin is the parent compound of a family of chemically related neurotoxins. In nature they are predominantly pr oduced by marine dinoflagellates, although they have also been identified in association with such diverse organisms as blue-green algae, crabs, and the blue-ringed octopus. Human intoxications are principally due to ingestion of bivalve mollusks which have accumulated dinoflagellates during filter feeding. The resulting intoxication, known as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is known throughout the world as a severe, life threatening illness requiring immediate medical intervention. In a BW scenario, the most likely route of delivery is by inhalation or toxic projectile. In addition, saxitoxin could be used in a confined area to contaminate water supplies. No vaccine against saxitoxin exposure has been developed for human use. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is next. SEB is one of several exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, causing food poisoning when ingested. A BW attack with aerosol delivery of SEB to the respiratory tract produces a distinct syndrome causing significant morbidity and potential mortality. The disease begins one to six hours after exposure with the sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, myalgia, and nonproductive cough. In more severe cases, dyspnea and retrosternal chest pain may also be present. A fever, which may reach 103-106 F could last two to five days. However, cough may persist one to four weeks. In many patients nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea will also occur. The final biological weapon that you will learn about is Trichothecene Mycotoxins. The trichothecene mycotoxins are a diverse group of more than 40 compounds produced by fungi. They are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis, impair DNA synthesis, alter cell membrane structure and function, and inhibit mitochondrial respiration. Secondary metabolizes of fungi, such as T-2 toxin and others, produce toxic reactions called mycotoxicoses upon inhalation or consumption of contaminated food products by humans or animals. Naturally occurring trichothecenes have been identified in agricultural products and have been implicated in a disease of animals known as moldy corn toxicosis or poisoning. Consumption of these mycotoxins results in weight loss, vomiting, skin inflammation, bloody diarrhea, diffuse hemorrhage, and possibly death. The onset of illness following acute exposure to T-2 (IV or inhalation) occurs in hours, resulting in the rapid onset of circulatory shock characterized by reduced cardiac arrest, arterial hypotension, lactic acidosis and death within twelve hours. Now onto chemical weapons. Chemical weapons are not classified in the same way as biological weapons. In Chemical warfare, there are different types of agents which are given names and classified as a blood agent, nerve agent, pulmonary agent, or blister / vesicant agent. I will be talking about the different classes of agent while giving some examples. First, nerve agents. Right now, there are eight known nerve agents: Tabun, Sarin, Soman, Methylphosphonothioic acid, Cyclohexyl Methylphosphonofluridate, Phosphonofluoridic acid, Phosphonothioic acid, and Amiton. Some health effects that may occur after a nerve agent attack include disabled enzymes that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses, irreversible / reversible nerve damage, and even death, depending on the agent, within fifteen minutes. Here are two examples of what nerve agents can do. Sarin is an organophosphorous ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent. The other example is of Soman. Soman is an organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.Now we have blister / vesicant agents. This class of agent has the ability to cause skin blisters or damage eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, and internal organs. Initial effects usually occur very rapidly after exposure. They can also destroy different substances within cells of living tissue. In these cases, initial effects occur twelve to twenty-four hours after exposure. There is a possibility of death if complications from a lung injury occur. An example of this type of agent is dichloroformoxine. If exposed to the chemical agent called dichloroformoxine, you would most likely be in duced to urticaria. However, your guinea pig can get it also. Onto pulmonary agents. Liquid pulmonary agents are almost always dispersed in gas form and can damage the respiratory tract causing severe pulmonary edema in about four hours, leading to eventual death. Effects are variable but are either rapid or delayed: depending on what agent was used. Two examples of pulmonary agents that can or have been used as a chemical weapon are CG phosgene and C1 chlorine. CG phosgene is a highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison, as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. C1 chlorine is a greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number seventeen, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabr ic bleaching. Finally, our last chemical agent class: blood agents. Blood agents are very dangerous in that besides being highly volatile, they act very rapidly, can cause seizures, result in cardiac arrest, and can cause respiratory failure. An example of one blood agent is Hydrogen cyanide (HCN). HCN is a toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials. Now, if youre like me, youre wondering: is a chemical weapon or a biological weapon is more deadly and why? Well, after seeing what kinds of chemical and biological weapons there are and what each can do, its your opinion. After all, both have many different purposes. Also, some weapons are deadly but dont cover a large area while others go over a larger area infecting more people. If someone were to repeat 9/11, but with the plane coated in smallpox or some other disease, the death and injury toll would be much higher. It would result in mass infection (especially if contagious), and besides a higher death and injury toll, many people would be disabled. So as you can see from my report, both chemical and biological weapons are very dangerous. They can do almost anything and can be spread almost anywhere. Not only that but the number of different kinds of weapons is only growing. Is a chemical or biological war coming up? I hope not, because we have the power to easily eliminate the human race along with everything else.

The Social and Political Context free essay sample

The social and political context of the sasss Is crucial to any understanding of the birth of rock n roll. Rock was formed out of the social, economic and political context of post-war America. The social context was on the bases of the post war baby boom, which counted for the birth of 77 million babies between the years 1946-1964. By the year 1964 forty percent of Americas population was under twenty years of age.For the first time both middle and working class youths were acquiring an affiance lifestyle. Disposable income came from part-time work and pocket money, which gave youths some form of spending power, which gave them a sense of independence. This mind you were what Wickers point out was due to Americas economic growth and capitalism, which was reinstated in the country. The American governments distrust In politicians as well as other members In different Institutions led to the investigation of numerous people and the need for government employees to sign loyalty oaths. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social and Political Context or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page America became obsessed with the need to conform in social behavior, so much so that youths were placed under immense pressure to understand the important value of the American way of life, which was to do well at school. This message was deployed through the bombardment of propaganda campaigns. It was this notion of importance on school that sociologist Coleman describes as being the reason for the segregation of youths from the rest of society by forming a new culture ;teenagers a group of youths which are of the same age group.This formation was encouraged by the school based activities that they had to participate In. The rules Implemented at teenagers were met with rebellious attitude. The Ideological view that the government had built around education was seen to be artificial. The notion that a good education would equip an Individual with a good Job did not fall through as many teenagers realized. As a result cultural Industries saw fit to move in and make profit from this reality by offering a form of escapism through music.Music mainly Rhythm and Blues was expressing the experiences of young teenagers. Teenagers no longer upheld the values and message that their parents and schools were promoting. This created conflict between the cultural industries ho were promoting the pleasures of consumption with the traditional view of educational demands. This was seen to be the background formation and experience for rock n roll. It was due to the experiences of teenagers that Rock n roll formed. Rock n roll Is due to Presley etc.However the arguments put forward on the notion that the social and political undermined by Peterson who states that the birth of Rock n roll can not be purely based and credited to the individuals mentioned above. That is not to say he is undermining their talent but instead such talent can be found on a wider scale, however only a few make the forefront. The baby boom explanation he says is simple in that in 1954 the oldest ages of the baby boomers were nine years of and age and around half were not yet born.He offers an alternative reason for the birth of rock n roll which is found on the bases of six factors, law, technology, industry structure, organization structure, occupational career and market. The most important determining factors identified by Peterson are the law and technology. The CAPS controlled the reproduction of music and hence controlled what could and could not be played on radio. As a result the radio networks were tired of these limitations and et up the IBM in the hope to play different forms of music to that what the CAPS was traditionally playing.However there was a dispute over the revenues from copyrights. It was to this that Rock n Roll developed a new genre formed two existing genres of music, country music and the most influential was Rhythm and blues. Hence the music was not something new derived in the sasss instead it was already in existence as the majority of rock n roll songs in the beginning were adopted from black music. Black music had already established the idea of expressing the woes of life experiences. As rock n roll was based on this, this undermines the idea that the genre of music emerged due to the problems that youngsters felt they encountered. The introduction of television meant that owners of radio as well as programmer moved on to the screen, this left the radio with a lot of available time slots which needed to be filled in, this concurred at the same time that imported Japanese portable radios were cheaply and readily available. The remaining factors were due to major record labels ignoring the new genre of music and hence as a result the independents moved in and catered for the ever-growing diverse teenage segment.

AP English Language and Composition Defiance Sample Essay

AP English Language and Composition Defiance Sample EssayWe will give you an easy to follow AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essay to help you through the assignment that many students find difficult. It can be difficult to write a great essay when you are working on something new and this type of writing will make it easier for you.AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essays are one of the most used essay examples because they are easy to follow. This type of essay uses common themes and words that a student will use throughout the writing process.The disobedience sample essay includes some common words that students use when writing the essay. The first couple paragraphs contain the same word or words used throughout the entire essay. The essay has information about teachers giving inappropriate consequences for students who have not completed the work.The first paragraph covers topics that the essay will discuss. In the essay, the beginnin g paragraph states the rules of behavior. The rules of behavior to deal with the topic of personal responsibility.The second paragraph of the AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essay addresses each student's responsibilities. In the second paragraph, each student is able to provide a different story about what they believe caused the situation.The third paragraph of the AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essay discusses the topic of employment. The essay addresses the requirement that students demonstrate that they are capable of working in a specific job field. The third paragraph includes a summary of the tasks that students will perform for the work and examples of these tasks.The fourth paragraph of the AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essay deals with the topic of recognition. The fourth paragraph has students do research that demonstrates their understanding of the topic. In the fourth paragraph, students describ e how they were able to apply the information from the research.The fifth paragraph of the AP English Language and Composition disobedience sample essay covers the topic of success. The essay has students focus on three main concepts. In the fifth paragraph, students will need to write a personal statement that shows their understanding of the topic.

Case Study Moda Milano Mobili Essay Example Essay Example

Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Example Paper Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Introduction Moda Milano Mobili is a medium size furniture manufacturer who primarily crafts living room sofas, chairs and dining room chairs, as well as complementary coffee tables, side tables and dining room tables. Their product style is based on contemporary designs with simple clear flowing lines without many details that using Australian cowhide and native timbers. Other than manufacture, Moda Milano Mobili retails their products through independently owned furniture stores in many cities, like Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide. In addition, the company plans to open their international market, establish frequent shipping between Australia and north-east Asian to increase its international market share, satisfy the demand of customers. This article focuses on Moda Milano Mobili’s financial position and its competitive advantages in both domestic and international market. General Environment (1) Political From political factors to analyse the current and next few years, the ba sic political situation tends to stabilized. Peace and development are the two major themes of the contemporary world. Under this situation, world furniture industry also keeps a steady growth trend. China is the biggest competitor and the potential market of Australia. By entering the World Trade Organization, China’s tariff barriers have being removed. This basally becomes an opportunity of Australian furniture industry to export their products into China. (2) Economic Economic cycle is a response to the economy from the Boom – Decline – Recession – Recovery. Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Body Paragraphs According the chart, there is a sharp decline in Australian GDP in 2009 after the 2008’s boom which is not only caused by the America sub prime mortgage crisis but also caused by the significant decrease of raw and proceed materials’ price. Til the 1st and 2nd quarters this year, there is a slight recovery of Australian GDP, which gives a break to the whole Australian industries include furniture industry. Chart 1 Australian GDP in recently years Sources from Trading Economics (http://www. tradingeconomics. com) (3) Social Up to 7 August 2010, there are 22. million people in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), less than 3 people per square kilometer, nearly the least one in the world. The ex-prime minister Kevin Rudd indicated that he had a view about a big Australia which is to increase the population through increase of birthrate and immigrants; and actually, the population of Australia do increased by 2% during these years. However, the new prime-minister Ju lia Gillard argued that she doesn’t believe in a big Australia, the existed infrastructure can’t burden such increase speed of population. That means, increase people’s purchasing power through increasing the population is impossible during the next few years. (4) Technological The most advanced technology is no longer the advantage of Australian furniture industry. Companies from other countries are easy to purchase such technology and use them in their production. (5) Environmental Recently, the environment-protection consciousness has been enhanced. People became care about whether the product would harm the environment, as well as whether they could be harmful to people’s health. With the changes of fashion trends, which is more metal and glass furniture gradually replaced the traditional wood and leather furniture, Australian traditional furniture industry is under challenge. (6) Legal Australian legal system tends to perfect, especially the tax syst em. Australia’s tax rate for corporate is 30% which is a good rate comparing with other developed countries such as America, Japan and German which are nearly 40%. Such the low rate is really good for companies’ development, makes them have capacities to expand their international markets, like exporting their products to those developing countries, even their largest ompetitor China. Chart 2 Tax rate Market Environment (1)Supplier The supplier of Australian timber and leather is not a problem. During the 2009 financial crisis, many timber and leather supplier bankrupted. The price of woods and leather kept decreasing due to the low confidence of the processing industry. This is an opportunity for Moda Milano Mobili as a buyer. Recently, the economic are slightly recovering, to develop owned materials suppliers are important for Moda Milano Mobili. (2)Buyer As I discussed in the previous chapter, Moda Milano Mobili don’t have advantage in domestic market due to the Australian residual purchase power is not strong, and the cheaper price of imported products. But foreign people do interest in Australian furniture because of the materials. Australian Jar-rah is famous as it’s easy to be processed, and hard to be eroded. Currently, Germany and Italy are the main export markets of Australian furniture. After the Beijing furniture credit crisis in 2006(will talk about this later), China will become a new costumer of Moda Milano Mobili. (3)Substitutes There is no substitute product that can replace furniture. However, the metal and glass furniture becomes more fashionable, this could be a threat of Moda Milano Mobili who primary produce wooden and leather furniture. (4)Potential Entrants The important parts in the value chain of Australian furniture industry include materials, human resources and market shares. For the first and second, they are quite limited that not allowed if there are too many new entrants. For market shares, Australia n market is captured by many foreign companies who have the lower price due to their economic of scale. So there won’t lots of new domestic entrants in Australian market; but with the growing globalization, there would be lots of foreign companies with their fashionable designs and high technologies compete for the market share. (5)Rivalry among competitors By searching ‘the domestic furniture manufactures in Australian’, there are 113 results on the list (Australian Home Furniture Directory). There are also many cheaper furniture products imported from other countries like China and America. Base one this situation, Moda Milano Mobili does not have any advantage in domestic market. The Beijing Market As the capital of China, Beijing is undoubtedly the most noteworthy city. Beijing has over 17 million residents distributed in 6 million households. 15. 4% people are over 60 years old who could be more interested in traditional furniture. This means for Moda Milano Mobili whose production are primarily based on contemporary designs with simple clear flowing lines could have a better marker share than those companies who produce traditional style furniture. Particular in the year of 2006, lots of Made-in-Beijing-furniture was reported on the black list due to they are (1) excessive formaldehyde; or (2) their paint is not acid-proof; or (3) the actual materials, like wood or leather are not as they presented, and so on. These all causes Beijing furniture companies lose their goodwill. Consumers no longer trust the local furniture manufactures, which make foreign furniture companies have the opportunity to take a significant market share. Strategy analysis The main problem of Moda Milano Mobili faced is the higher average cost of products due to the small economic scale, which causes the company hard to compete with other foreign furniture companies. In addition, the Australian tariff of import such products are quite low, that means to purchase foreign furniture sometimes much cheaper than buying domestics. Another problem is the serious labor shortage. The professional craftsmen are difficult to be found; one reason is there don’t have that many skilled craftsmen due to Australia’s small population and strict limitations of foreign workers. To enter Beijing market, only relying on materials advantage is not enough. Beijing, as the center of economic in China, lived more than 10 million high-income people. Instead of price, they more care about quality and tastes of the product. Especially after the credit crisis, goodwill became the most important intangible assets that direct effect the company’s profit. Since Moda Milano Mobili plan to create a selling point of ‘made in Australia’. If the company can ensure the product quality and avoid the inferior materials, the selling point could be one of the company’s strength. In addition, Beijing is a city of aging people, to develop kin ds of traditional style furniture to satisfy the elderly people would be necessary. To Increase competitiveness in the markets, to decrease the products’ price is important. It not means using cheaper materials, but to expand the scale of its businesses. Average cost would be decreased if the scale of manufacture; price would be decreased due to decrease the resale and transport costs if there are more owned suppliers and retailers. In order to solving the problems, Moda Milano Mobili plan to hire more craftsmen and expanding the factory; they also trying to appoint more retail distributors in Australia and other countries. Question 2 Austrade provide many services for domestic companies who plan to develop its international markets. Those services are mainly information assists that include:? Provide information about markets and industry trends in particular countries or regions, to assist in the development of investment plans, strategies or objectives;? Make introductions to potential international partners, buyers and other in-market contacts;? Supply referrals to service providers who can give you specialist advice, such as lawyers, business advisors and investment promotion agencies;? Help exporter to access to international governments and other relevant overseas decision-makers in the market;? Advise about the process of establishing an overseas business;? Offer ongoing support, including help in identifying market opportunities, tendering for projects and promoting the business in the market; Other than that, Austrade also created a link with The Export Market Development Grants (EMDG) scheme which is a financial assistance rogram created by Australian government. Reference Australia GDP Growth Rate http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/GDP-Growth. aspx? Symbol=AUD Beijing Statistical Information Net http://www. bjstats. gov. cn/sjfb/pcsj/rkpc/200607/t20060704_45119. htm Australian Home Furniture Directory http://www. homefurniture. com. au/ World Furniture Confederation website http://www. worldfurnitureconfederation. org/ Australia Government http://www. austrade. gov. au/Export/default. aspx We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Moda Milano Mobili Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Legalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes essays

Legalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes essays Legalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes The legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes is an issue that has been debated by many people since the drug was banned in 1937. Many times people will see marijuana as an addictive drug that causes people to commit crimes of violence as well as other legal offenses. But in 1938, the New York Academy of Medicine reported marijuana as a relatively harmless drug with no physically addicting effects and that it did not help in having any effect on the crimes of violence committed by people (Hartley). Marijuana, although technically considered an addictive drug, has a history of medicinal purposes, many current medical uses, and the option to become a government regulated drug. Hartley quotes Berendt in his article saying that the Merck Manual states that there is little evidence of damage from the use of the drug, even among heavy users. As a matter of fact, marijuana has many medicinal uses that date back all the way to about 4000 B.C. where the Chinese first discovered its medicinal uses (Hartley). Hartley states that in 2657 B.C., in a pharmacy book written by emperor Shen-Nung, he recommends marijuana as a cure for gout, rheumatism, malaria, beriberi, constipation, and absent mindedness. Hartley also states: The plant was also being used in the second century A.D. for anesthetics during surgical operations involving stomach and intestines, where acupuncture was ineffective. During this same time period, Germans used the plant to treat convulsions and to help ease childbirth. Poland, Russia, and Lithuania would throw the seeds on hot coals and use the vapors to cure toothaches. Czechoslovakians would use the drug to relieve fevers and dress wounds. The Russians would also use the drug to treat rheumatism and jaundice. Marijuana was mentioned in American books in 1843, where it was recommended as a treatment for gout, tetanus, hyst...